煤炭工程 ›› 2016, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 127-130.doi: 10.11799/ce201602038

• 研究探讨 • 上一篇    下一篇

生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态修复效应研究

任慧君,李素萃   

  1. 中国矿业大学(北京)
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-16 修回日期:2015-05-11 出版日期:2016-02-10 发布日期:2016-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 任慧君 E-mail:lscrhjlsc@126.com

Study on ecological rehabilitation effects of open pit coal mine in ecological fragile region

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  • Received:2015-03-16 Revised:2015-05-11 Online:2016-02-10 Published:2016-03-07

摘要: 以地处黄土高原的黑岱沟露天煤矿生态修复为例,从宏观、微观两个角度对生态脆弱区露天煤矿生态修复效应进行探讨,结果表明:受露天采煤的影响,区域景观格局发生了较大变化,斑块数量增加,抗干扰能力降低,斑块间影响程度复杂;人工植被土壤质量关联度为“油松林+柳+沙棘”(三级)>果树(三级)>锦鸡儿(三级)>羊草(三级)>纯杨树(人工)(三级)>油松林(四级)>“杨+沙棘”(四级);景观格局中植被覆盖面积的增加,在一定程度上消除了区域景观格局变化对区域生态系统产生的影响;生态脆弱区生态修复经历了生态破坏阶段、生态雏形阶段,正在向生态重建阶段进行。研究结果可以为矿区土壤生境构建、植被群落构建及调控提供理论支持。

关键词: 生态脆弱区, 露天煤矿, 景观格局, 植被群落, 生态环境

Abstract: The ecological fragile environment has been severely damaged by open pit coal mining, and it is particularly important of ecological rehabilitation in the areas. In the paper, as an example of the ecological restoration area located in Heidaigou open pit coal mining in the Loess Plateau, exploring the ecologically fragile areas opencast mine ecological restoration mechanism and effect on the macro using remote sensing data analysis, statistical methods and the Microcosmic using field site selection, laboratory analysis and statistics, the results show that: 1. Due to the impact of Surface Mining, regional landscape pattern changed greatly increase the number of patches, anti-interference ability to reduce plaque see the impact of complex; 2. Artificial soil quality vegetation correlation: Pinus tabulaeformis, Salix matsudana and Hippophae rhamnoides (three)> Orchard (three)> Caragana intermdia(three)> Chinensis (three)>Pure poplar (artificial) (three)> Pine oil (four)> Pure poplar and sea buckthorn (four); 3. Landscape pattern in the area of vegetation cover increases, to a certain extent, eliminate the effects of landscape structure change on regional ecosystems; 4. Ecologically fragile areas experienced ecological damage ecological restoration phase, ecological prototype stage, is the ecological reconstruction phases. The results of this study can be constructed for mine soil habitats, vegetation community building and provide a theoretical basis for the regulation.

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